Die dunkle Seite von Geschwisterbeziehungen

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Häufig kommt es in Geschwisterbeziehungen zu Feindseligkeit und Rivalität sowie körperlicher und psychischer Gewalt. Diese haben zum Teil langanhaltende Auswirkungen auf die psychische Befindlichkeit. Vorangegangene Forschungsarbeiten haben bisher jedoch meist nur eine Dimension der negativen Interaktionsmuster, z. B. körperliche Gewalt, untersucht. Anhand einer Stichprobe von 4568 Erwachsenen, die zu ihrer Geschwisterbeziehung in der Kindheit und ihrer aktuellen psychischen Belastung befragt wurden, wird die Häufigkeit und das Ausmaß unterschiedlicher negativer Interaktionsmuster in der Geschwisterbeziehung beleuchtet. Merkmale der Geschwisterkonstellation, die diese begünstigen, werden herausgestellt sowie Zusammenhänge mit der aktuellen psychischen Belastung aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass es in Geschwisterbeziehungen zu einem hohen Ausmaß an Konflikten kommt. Auch die Häufigkeit von körperlicher Gewalt und Feindseligkeit unter Geschwistern ist als hoch einzuschätzen. Für alle Skalen negativer Merkmale ist ein geringer Altersabstand zwischen den Geschwistern besonders vorhersagekräftig. Im Hinblick auf die psychische Belastung im Erwachsenenalter sind vor allem Rivalität und Feindseligkeit zwischen den Geschwistern sowie Ausschluss durch das Geschwister prädiktiv. Bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse sind Besonderheiten der Stichprobe, wie Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung, sowie das retrospektive Design zu beachten.

ABSTRACT

Often sibling relationships are characterized by hostility and rivalry as well as physical and emotional violence, which lead to long-term consequences for the psychological well-being. Previous research has mainly focused on one specific component of those negative features of the sibling relationship, e. g. physical violence. Using a sample of 4568 adults, who answered a questionnaire regarding their sibling relationship during childhood and their current psychological well-being, the extent of different negative qualities of sibling relationship is demonstrated. Characteristics of the sibling constellation, which increase those, are shown. Furthermore, their influence on the current psychological well-being is analyzed. The results show that the amount of conflicts experienced in sibling relationships is high. The same applies to the extent of physical violence and hostility. A short age difference between siblings is predictive of all dimensions of negative relationship qualities. Rivalry and hostility between siblings and violence experienced by a sibling are predictive of the current psychological well-being. The results have to be interpreted in light of the limitations of the sample. These are the age and gender distribution as well as the retrospective design.

Schlüsselwörter

Geschwister - körperliche und psychische Gewalt - Konflikt - psychische Gesundheit

Key words

Siblings - physical and emotional violence - conflict - psychological well-being

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